With peak leaf-peeping season approaching, experts say there will be a “drastic difference” in fall foliage across the U.S. this year, as unfavorable weather, insects, and tree diseases dull colors in regions that usually see the most vibrant displays.
AccuWeather forecasts vivid fall colors across 25 states, while dull foliage is expected across 23 states. Even in areas with bright colors, the season may be short-lived.
“There will be drastic differences in fall foliage across this country this year,” AccuWeather® Lead Long-Range Expert Paul Pastelok said . “We expect vibrant colors across much of New England and the Midwest this autumn. Don’t wait too long to check out the leaves as they approach peak color. The fall foliage may not last very long this year.”
North Carolina fall foliage forecast
Known for its vibrant colors in the Smokies and Appalachians, North Carolina’s fall foliage may be muted this year, largely due to Hurricane Helene.
“The flash flooding and powerful winds from Helene brought down thousands of trees across western North Carolina and the southern Appalachians. Many other trees were stressed by the extreme impacts,” said AccuWeather® Climate Expert and Senior Meteorologist Brett Anderson. “Fall foliage can be affected for years in areas hit hard by hurricanes. In some places, it may take decades for trees to grow back.”
Heavy rainfall and flooding this spring and summer also contributed by stressing trees, promoting insect and fungus damage, and reducing leaf pigment development. These conditions can lead to duller colors, fewer leaves and early leaf drop — effects that may last beyond a single autumn season — while late-season hurricanes may directly disrupt the peak foliage period with strong winds and heavy rain.
How heavy rains and floods impact tree color
Trees under stress from prolonged wet conditions or flooding may not produce the same vibrant pigments, such as anthocyanins for red and carotenoids for yellow. Stress can trigger early aging of leaves, resulting in colors that are duller and less uniform.
Wet conditions also increase the risk of disease and insect damage. Fungi, mold and other pathogens can attack leaves or weaken trees, while stressed trees become more vulnerable to insect infestations. Damaged leaves may drop early or develop brown, dull patches, reducing visual vibrancy.
Flooding can saturate soil and damage roots, limiting a tree’s ability to absorb nutrients essential for pigment development. This can lead to muted colors and earlier leaf drop, even if the tree itself remains standing.
When will fall foliage peak in North Carolina?
Explore Fall provides a map of fall foliage, showing color intensity and a timeline of peak colors. Scroll the timeline to see when fall foliage will reach its peak across North Carolina.
When to expect peak fall foliage across the US
This article originally appeared on Asheville Citizen Times: How Hurricane Helene impacted fall foliage in North Carolina. See map
